He aha te PEEK?

Ko te Polyether ether ketone (Poly-ether-ether-ketone, PEEK rānei) he momo rauemi pūmua motuhake kei roto ko ngā waeine tāruarua kei roto ko ngā here ether e rua me te here ketone kotahi i roto i te hanganga mekameka matua. He raupapa rauemi o te polyether ketone. He āhuatanga o te āhua tioata haurua-poka, te ātete pāmahana teitei, te ātete waikura matū me ētahi atu.

Ngā āhuatanga o PEEK

Ko te polyether ether ketone (PEEK) anake te momo rauemi polyaryl ether ketone (PAEK) ka taea te hanga papatipu i tēnei wā. He kirihou hangarau motuhake a PEEK, ā, he tino pai ngā āhuatanga whānui.
Ngā āhuatanga matua o PEEK:
(1) Te Āhua Mahi: He pai te rere o te kapia PEEK i te pāmahana teitei, he werawera hoki. Ka taea te tukatuka mā te werohanga, te whakaputanga, te pupuhi, te huri whakarewa, te huri hurihuri me te rehu paura, me ētahi atu.

(2) Te ātete i te hihi: mā te ātete kaha ki te hihi, ka taea tonu te pupuri i ngā āhuatanga miihini i raro i ngā hihi γ horopeta teitei, he nui ake i te polystyrene ātete hihi pai rawa atu i te kapia whānui, ka taea te whakamahi hei wāhanga ātete hihi i roto i ngā taputapu karihi.

(3) Ārai mura: Ka taea e PEEK te tinei i a ia anō, ahakoa kāore he ārai mura, tae atu ki te paerewa UL 94V-0.

(4) Ātete ngokingoki: i raro i te pānga o te ahotea tonu, ka huri te rauemi hei ngokingoki tonu i roto i tētahi wā. Ko PEEK te rauemi ātete ngokingoki pai rawa atu o te kapia kirihou wera.

(5) Te pakari me te pakari: he kaha kume teitei, he kaha pakaru ahotea teitei, inā koa mō te ātete ngenge ahotea tauutuutu he tino pai, he rite ki ngā rauemi koranu.

(6) Whakahinuhinu-ā-roto (ātete kakahu): He tino pai ngā āhuatanga reti a PEEK, he pai mō ngā whakaritenga pakari o te tauwehenga waku iti me ngā tono ātete kakahu; Ina koa, he tino pai te ātete kakahu o PEEK kua whakarerekētia ki te muka waro, te karāhe me te PTFE.

(7) Ātete pāmahana teitei: He teitei te pāmahana whakawhiti karāhe a PEEK (Tg=143℃) me te ira rewa (Tm=334℃), ko te pāmahana whakarerekētanga wera o tana kawenga he 316℃, ko te pāmahana ratonga mō te wā roa he 260℃, ka taea e te pāmahana ratonga inamata te eke ki te 300℃, i raro i te pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei mō te wā roa me te kore e ngaro ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana.

(8) Ātete ki te waikura: Ka taea e ngā hua PEEK te mahi tonu mō ngā mano hāora me te kore e kitea te hekenga o te mahi i roto i te mamaoa 260℃, i te rumaki wai pēhanga teitei rānei; Ko PEEK te mea tino pai ki te ātete ki te waikura me te mamaoa i roto i ngā kirihou hangarau katoa.

(9) Kāore e paitini: ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te akuaku kai, i ngā taputapu hauora me ētahi atu mara.

(10) Ātete ki te waikura: Haunga te waikawa whanariki kukū, kāore a PEEK e rewa i roto i tētahi whakarewa me te waikawa kaha me te kawakore, ā, he tino pumau te matū.

(11) Ātete ki te ngenge: Ko PEEK te mea tino ātete ki te ngenge i roto i ngā rauemi kapia kirihou wera katoa.

Te tono a PEEK

Ko te kapia PEEK (polyether ether ketone) he momo mahi tino pai o ngā kirihou hangarau motuhake, he maha ngā painga nui ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atu kirihou hangarau motuhake, arā, he ātete pāmahana teitei, he pai te mahi miihini, he whakahinuhinu-whaiaro, he ātete waikura matū, he ātete mura, he ātete tango, he ātete irahiko, he pumau te whakamarumaru, he ātete waikura me te ngāwari ki te tukatuka, me ētahi atu, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te mara hauora.

Ka taea e te kapia PEEK te tu atu ki te 3000 huringa o te autoclaving i te 134°C, ā, he pai mō te hanga taputapu pokanga me ngā taputapu niho kua tino purea e hiahiatia ana te whakamahi tonu. Ehara i te mea ko ngā painga o PEEK he mama, he kore paitini, he ātete ki te waikura anake, engari he āhuatanga anō hoki o te modulus elastic o te wheua cortical tangata, ka taea te whakakotahi ā-pūtaiao me te tinana. Nō reira, ko te whakamahi i te kapia PEEK hei utu mō te konganuku hei hanga angaanga tangata he tono nui anō i roto i te ao hauora.

I whakamahia tuatahitia a PEEK i te whare hauora i te tau 1999. Mai i taua wā, neke atu i te rima mirionaNgā hua PEEKkua whakatōkia ki roto i te tangata, ā, koinei te paerewa koura mō te hononga tuaiwi. I ngā tau tata nei, kua whakanuia a PEEK hei "rauemi tino pai mō te whakatupuranga o ngā hua hauora ka taea te whakatō".

He aha ngā momo tāpiringa e hangaia ana mai i te PEEK?
（1）ngā whakakapi wheua, ngā whakatō wheua maxillofacial
（2）te pokanga tuaiwi, te whakakotahitanga o ngā wheua tuarā
（3）me ngā whakakapinga wheua hope, ngā tāpiringa hononga
(4) ngā taputapu orthopedic: te pereti pumau me ngā tīwiri
（5）whakakapi niho CFR – PEEK – he mea hanga mai i ngā whakatō niho, ngā niho rūpahu, te pupuri pakiaka
（6） i roto i te pokanga ngākau, ko ngā papu me ngā takirere ngākau

Ko ēhea ngā kamupene o te ao ka taea te hanga i te PEEK whakatō mō te wā roa? Ko Invibio, te wāhanga rauemi koiora o Victrex i te UK, te kaihanga o Peek-optima.

(1) Ko ngā rauemi PEEK kua whakauruhia ki te mākete kei a rātou te painga tino nui i roto i te mākete o te ao.
(2) I whakarewahia e Belgium Solvay te rauemi PEEK kounga-whakauru zenIVa-PEEK i te tau 2009.
(3) I uru atu a Evonik o Tiamana ki te mākete Haina i te tīmatanga o te tau 2014 me te ingoa hua: VESTAKEEP PEEK.
(4) Kua whakarewahia e Guangzhou Jusheng Medical Technology Co., LTD., te kaihanga anake e whai rauemi PEEK taumata-whakauru i Haina, te PEEK taumata-whakauru me te ingoa waitohu NATUREGEN me te tohu waitohu JS-S1.

Ko te hītori o te PEEK

Te wā whakatōnga tuatahi (1978-1992):

He kirihou hangarau motuhake tino mahi teitei a PEEK i whakawhanakehia e ICI i te tau 1978. I tono a ICI mō te patent, ā, i hangaia kia ahumahi, me te kaha whakaputa o te 1000 tana ia tau, e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga parepare.

Te Whanaketanga me te Hinga o te Monopoly (1993-2004):

I riro mai i a Victrex te pakihi PEEK mai i ICI, e whakaatu ana i te ia o te whanaketanga mana-kore, ā, i whakawhānui tonu i te tauine whakaputa. I te tau 2003, i piki ake te kaha whakaputa ā-tau ki te 2800 tana. I muri mai, i whakawhanakehia ngā hua rite tonu e DuPont, BASF, Mitsui Tosei Chemical Company o Hapani, me Telep o te Hononga o Amerika. Kua whānui haere a PEEK mai i ana tono hōia tuatahi ki ngā tono ahumahi me te hauora.

Mō te wā roa, kua whakarārangihia a PEEK hei rauemi rautaki mō te aukati me te aukati a Haina e te Komiti Whakarite o Parī. Hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te parepare ā-motu me te whanaketanga hangarau matatau ā-iwi, kua whakaurua e te kāwanatanga ki roto i ngā kaupapa rangahau pūtaiao me te hangarau matua ā-motu mai i te Mahere rima-tau tuawhitu ki te Mahere rima-tau tekau me te Mahere 863 mō te rangahau. I raro i te tautoko kaha o ngā kaupapa here a Haina, i whakawhanakehia motuhaketia e te tīma a Ahorangi Wu Zhongwen o Te Whare Wānanga o Jilin te hangarau patent PEEK me ngā mana pupuri hinengaro motuhake, ā, i whakatūria e ia a Jida High-tech Materials Co., LTD., i tukuna ki te hanga.

Wāhanga Whakawhanake Whānui (2005-ināianei):

I te tau 2005, i riro i a Evonik te pakihi PEEK a Garda o Īnia, ā, i riro i a Solvay te pakihi PEEK. I te tau 2009, i uru atu a Jinfa Technology Co., LTD. o Haina, a Panjin Zhongrun Special Plastic Co., Ltd. me ētahi atu kamupene ki te mara, ā, i uru atu a PEEK ki te wāhanga whanaketanga whānui. Hei tāpiri, kei te whanake haere te whakarerekētanga o te hangarau hiato me te tukatuka PEEK, ā, kei te whānui haere hoki te mara tono. Nā te nui o ngā kaihanga e tohunga ana ki te hanga PEEK puta noa i te ao, ka piki haere te whakataetae mākete. I tēnei wā, ko Wiggs, Solvay me Evonik ngā kaihanga PEEK nui rawa atu e toru o te ao.