Te hanga, te tukatuka, te mahi me te tono o ngā rauemi TPU

TPU (poiuretana waiariki)He momo polyurethane ka taea te whakakirihou mā te whakamahana, ā, ka taea hoki te whakarewa mā te whakarewa. Ki te whakatauritea ki te polyurethane momo whakaranu me te polyurethane momo whakarewa, kāore he hononga matū, he iti rānei te hanganga matū o te polyurethane thermoplastic, ā, he rārangi noa iho ōna ngota, engari he iti te whakawhitinga ā-tinana.
Ko te ariā o te mea e kiia nei ko te whakawhitiwhiti ā-tinana, i tuatahitia e Schollenberger CS i te tau 1958, e pā ana ki te noho o ngā "pūwāhi hononga" hurihuri i waenga i ngā mekameka ngota polyurethane raina ina pāngia e te wera, e ngā whakarewa rānei. Ehara i te mea he hononga matū. Engari he mahi hei hononga matū. Nā tēnei hononga ā-tinana, ka hangaia e te polyurethane he ariā hanganga āhua rerekē, ā, mā te hononga hauwai o te polyurethane ka whakapakari i tōna āhua, ka ātete hoki ki te haumākū teitei.

He aha te whakarōpūtanga o te TPU

Nā te mea kua mōhio tātou he aha te TPU, he aha ōna whakarōpūtanga? E ai ki ngā paerewa whakarōpūtanga rerekē, he maha ngā whakarōpūtanga rerekē o ngā TPU.

Hei tauira, e ai ki te hanganga o te wāhanga ngohengohe, ka taea te wehewehe ki te momo polyester, te momo polyether me te momo butadiene, kei roto ko te rōpū ester, te rōpū ether, te rōpū butene rānei. E ai ki te hanganga o te wāhanga mārō, ka taea te wehewehe ki te momo urethane me te momo urethane urea, e ahu mai ana i ngā whakaroa mekameka diol, i ngā whakaroa mekameka diamine rānei. Ko te wehenga noa ka wehea ki te momo polyester me te momo polyether.
E ai ki te noho mai, ki te kore rānei o te hononga whakawhiti, ka taea te wehewehe ki te kirihou wera parakore me te kirihou haurua-wera. Ko te mea tuatahi he hanganga raina parakore, kāore he hononga whakawhiti; ko te mea tuarua he iti noa te allophanate me ētahi atu hononga whakawhiti. E ai ki te whakamahinga o ngā hua kua oti, ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā wāhanga āhua motuhake (ngā wāhanga miihini rerekē), ngā paipa (ngā papa, ngā kōtaha tokotoko), ngā kiriata (ngā rau, ngā rau), ngā piripiri, ngā paninga, me ngā muka.

Me pēhea te hanga o te TPU

Ahakoa he maha ngā whakarōpūtanga o te TPU, nō te polyurethane katoa ēnei i runga i te hanganga ngota. Nā, me pēhea te whakakotahi? E ai ki ngā tukanga hanga rerekē, ka wehea te nuinga ki te polymerization papatipu me te polymerization otinga.

I roto i te whakapūhuitanga papatipu, ka taea te wehewehe ki te tikanga whakapūhuitanga-mua me te tikanga kotahi-taahiraa i runga i te mea kei mua te tauhohenga-mua: ko te tikanga whakapūhuitanga-mua ko te tauhohenga i te diisocyanate me te macromolecular diol mō tētahi wā, kātahi ka tāpirihia te toronga mekameka hei whakaputa TPU; ka whakaranua ngā diol ngota, ngā diisoesters me ngā whakaroa mekameka i te wā kotahi, ka tauhohenga hei hanga TPU.
Ko te whakapūhuitanga otinga ko te whakarewa tuatahi i te diisocyanate ki roto i te whakarewa, kātahi ka tāpirihia te macromolecular diol kia tauhohe ai mō tētahi wā, ā, i te mutunga ka tāpirihia te mekameka whakaroa hei whakaputa TPU.
Ka pāngia te mātotoru o te TPU e te momo wāhanga ngohengohe, te taumaha ngota, te ihirangi wāhanga mārō, wāhanga ngohengohe rānei, me te āhua whakakotahitanga TPU o te TPU. Kei waenganui i te 1.10 me te 1.25 te mātotoru, kāore i te tino rerekē i ētahi atu rapa me ngā kirihou. I te mārō kotahi, he iti iho te mātotoru o te TPU polyether i te TPU polyester.

Me pēhea te tukatuka i te TPU

Me tukatuka te kapia TPU hei hanga hua kua oti, ā, ko te nuinga o te wā ka tukatukahia te TPU mā te tikanga rewa me te tikanga otinga. Ko tōna hanganga ngota he poraka pakari i whiwhihia mā te tauhohe i te diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) toluene diisocyanate (TDI) rānei ki te whakaroa mekameka me te diisocyanate pērā i te diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) toluene diisocyanate (TDI) rānei. Ka tauhohe ngā ngota me ngā polyol macromolecular ki te hanga i ngā wāhanga ngāwari.

Ko te tukatuka rewa he tukanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga kirihou: pērā i te whakaranu, te whakatārewatanga, te whakaputanga, te whakapūtanga pupuhi me te whakapūtanga (tae atu ki te werohanga, te pēhitanga, te whakawhiti me te whakapūtanga me ētahi atu). Ko te tukatuka otinga ko te whakarewanga o ngā pire i roto i ngā whakarewa, te whakapūtanga tika rānei i roto i ngā whakarewa. I muri i te hanga i tētahi otinga, ka pania, ka mirohia, me ētahi atu.
Ka hangaia te TPU hei hua whakamutunga, kāore e hiahiatia he whakamomona me te tauhohenga hononga-whiti, ka taea ai te whakapoto i te huringa whakaputa, ā, ka taea te hangarua me te whakamahi anō i ngā rauemi para.

Te mahi a te TPU

Pērā i te polyurethane whakarewa (wai) me te whakaranu i te polyurethane (totoka), he nui ngā painga o te TPU, he kaha teitei, he roa teitei me te ngāwari teitei, he ātete pai ki te kakahu, he ātete ki te hinu, he ātete ki te pāmahana iti me te ātete ki te koroheketanga. I roto i ēnei, ko te kaha kume teitei, te roa teitei, me te iti o te huinga pēhanga roa he painga nui katoa o te TPU.

1. Te kaha kume teitei me te roa teitei
He tino pai te kaha kume me te roa o te TPU. Mai i ngā raraunga i te pikitia i raro nei, ka kite tātou he pai ake te kaha kume me te roa o te TPU polyether i tērā o te kirihou me te rapa polyvinyl chloride.

Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea e te TPU te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te umanga kai me te kore e tāpiri, e tāpiri rānei i ētahi tāpiritanga ki te tukanga tukatuka, he mea uaua tēnei mō ētahi atu rauemi pēnei i te PVC me te rapa.

2. He tino tairongo te manawanui ki te pāmahana
Ko te pakari o te TPU e pā ana ki te tere o te whakaoranga ki tōna āhua taketake i muri i te tukunga o te ahotea whakarerekētanga, e whakaatuhia ana e te pūngao whakaora, arā, te ōwehenga o te mahi whakahoki whakarerekētanga ki te mahi e hiahiatia ana mō te whakarerekētanga. He mahi tēnei nā te modulus hihiri me te waku ā-roto o te elastomer, ā, he tino tairongo ki te pāmahana.

Ka heke te springback i te hekenga o te pāmahana, ā, tae noa ki tētahi pāmahana, ka tere te piki anō o te ngāwari. Ko tēnei pāmahana te pāmahana whakatioata o te wāhanga ngohengohe, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hanganga o te macromolecular diol, ā, he iti iho te polyether TPU i te polyester TPU. I ngā pāmahana i raro iho i te pāmahana whakatioata, ka tino mārō te elastomer, ā, ka ngaro tōna ngāwari, nō reira, he rite te hoki whakamuri ki te hoki whakamuri mai i te mata whakarewa mārō.

3. Ko te whānuitanga pakeke ko Shore A60~D80
Ko te mārō he tohu mō te kaha o tētahi rauemi ki te ātete i te rerekētanga, i ngā karukaru me ngā karawarawa.
Ka taea te whakarite i te pakeketanga o te TPU mā te whakarite i te ōwehenga o ngā wāhanga mekameka ngohengohe me te mekameka mārō. Nō reira, he whānui te awhe pakeketanga o te TPU. Ko tōna pakeketanga kei waenganui i te Shore A60 ki te D80, e kapi ana i te pakeketanga o te rapa me te kirihou, ā, he whānui te awhe pakeketanga i roto i te awhe pakeketanga katoa. He tino ngāwari.
I te panonitanga o te pakeketanga, ka rerekē ētahi āhuatanga o te TPU. Hei tauira, ki te piki ake te pakeketanga o te TPU, ka rerekē te mahi pērā i te pikinga o te modulus tensile me te kaha haehae, te pikinga o te pakari me te ahotea pēhanga (te kaha kawenga), te hekenga o te roa, te pikinga o te mātotoru me te whakaputa wera hihiri, me te pikinga o te ātete taiao.

Mara tono o te TPU

I te tau 1958 i hokohoko angitu ai a TPU e te American Goodrich Chemical Company (ināianei ko Lubrizol) ā, mai i taua wā kua rangahauhia, kua whakawhānuihia hoki puta noa i te ao. I tēnei wā, ko ngā kaihanga o ngā rauemi mata o TPU ko BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical, Shanghai Hengan, Ruihua, Asahikawa Chemical me ētahi atu.
Hei elastomer me te mahi tino pai, he whānuitanga o ngā hua o muri mai a TPU, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mea e hiahiatia ana i ia rā, i ngā taonga hākinakina, i ngā taonga takaro, i ngā rauemi whakapaipai me ētahi atu mara. Anei ētahi tauira.
1. Rauemi hu
E whakamahia ana te TPU i roto i ngā rauemi hu nā tōna ngāwari me tōna ātete ki te kakahu. He pai ake ngā hua hu kei roto he TPU i te whakamarie o te mau i ngā hua hu noa, nō reira e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā hua hu papai, inā koa ētahi hu hākinakina me ngā hu noa.


2. Piriko
Nā te mea he ngawari te ngongo TPU, he kaha te kume, he kaha te pānga, ā, he ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, iti hoki, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o te ngongo TPU i Haina mō te kawe hinu me te hau o ngā waka rererangi, ngā tāke, ngā motuka, ngā motopaika, ngā taputapu mīhini me ētahi atu ngongo taputapu mīhini.



3. Ura
Ka whakaratohia e te TPU te ātete ki te haehae, te ātete ki te kakahu me ngā āhuatanga piko, ā, ko te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei me te pāmahana iti te mea nui ki te mahi a te taura. Nō reira, i roto i te mākete Haina, ka whakamahia te TPU mō ngā taura kounga teitei, pērā i ngā taura whakahaere me ngā taura hiko, hei tiaki i ngā rauemi paninga o ngā taura he uaua te hoahoa, ā, kei te whānui haere te whakamahinga.



4. Ngā taputapu hauora
He mea haumaru, he mea pumau, he mea kounga teitei te TPU hei whakakapi i te PVC. Kāore he matū kino pēnei i te phthalate, ā, ka heke ki te toto, ki ētahi atu wai rānei i roto i ngā catheter hauora, i ngā putea hauora rānei, ka puta ai ngā pānga taha. Ka taea te whakamahi ngāwari i te TPU kounga extrusion me te kounga werohanga mā te whakarerekētanga iti i ngā taputapu PVC o nāianei.