Te mahi paipa kirihou PVC, UPVC, CPVC, PP, PE, PB, PVDF me ngā rerekētanga #raina whakaputa paipa #mīhini whakaputa

pvc
pvc(PolyVinylChloride) e wātea ana i roto i ngā taumata e whitu (SG1-SG7) e ai ki tōna pakeke me ōna āhuatanga, me te mātotoru tata ki te 1.4 g/cm³. I raro i te SG4, he hua ngohengohe te nuinga, e hiahia ana ki te nui o te plasticizer i te wā e hangaia ana, ā, e whakamahia ana mō te hanga hiako horihori, te whakamahana waea me te taura, ngā hiri, me ētahi atu. I runga ake i te SG5, he hua pakeke, e whakamahia ana mō te hanga i ngā momo paipa, pērā i te waikeri, ngā paipa hiko, ngā paipa mēra me ngā hononga waea, ngā pereti, ngā pepa me ngā kōtaha, me ētahi atu. Ko te tere whakaheke o te PVC i te wā e hangaia ana he 0.6-1.5%, ā, he pai ngā āhuatanga miihini. Ko te tere whakaheke o te PVC he 0.6-1.5%, he pai ngā āhuatanga miihini, he pai ngā āhuatanga hiko, he tineia-ā-ake, he kaha te ātete ki te waikawa me te kawakore, he pai te pumau matū me te utu iti. Heoi, ko tōna whanaketanga e āraihia ana e te iti o te pāmahana whakamahinga, tata ki te 80°C i te teitei rawa.

CPVC
Ka hangaia te kapia mā te whakarerekētanga o te kapia polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ki te whakakōkōwai, ā, he momo kirihou hangarau hou tēnei. He mā, he kōwhai mārama rānei te hua, kāore he reka, kāore he kakara, kāore he paitini. I muri i te whakakōkōwai o te kapia PVC, ka piki ake te koretake o ngā hononga ngota, ka piki ake te polarity, ka piki ake te wairewa o te kapia me te pumau matū, ka whakapai ake i te ātete wera o te rauemi me te ātete waikura o ngā waikawa, ngā kawakore, ngā tote me ngā waikura. Ka whakapai ake ngā āhuatanga miihini o te pāmahana whakarerekētanga wera o ngā uara, ka piki ake te ihirangi chlorine mai i te 56.7% ki te 63-69%, ka piki ake te pāmahana whakangawari Vicat mai i te 72-82 °C, (ki te 90-125 °C), ka taea e te pāmahana whakamahinga mōrahi te eke ki te 110 °C, ā, ko te pāmahana whakamahinga roa ko te 95 °C. I roto i ēnei, he pai ake ngā tohu mahi CORZAN CPVC. Nō reira, he momo kirihou hangarau hou te CPVC me ngā tirohanga whānui mō te whakamahinga.

UPVC
He mea hanga te paipa UPVC ki te kapia PVC, he āhuatanga tino pai pērā i te tika o te pāmahana, te rewa auau me te mimiti tere o ngā kai whai hua o ngā tāpiringa ina ngoikore te kaha ā-papa i waenga i ngā mekameka ngota kapia, ā, i te wā kotahi, ka whakamahia te pūmau wera o te konupūmā me te konutea rongonui o te ao, ka taea te hopu, te aukati me te mimiti i te whakakorenga o te hauwai pūhaumāota i te wā o te tukanga pāmahana teitei me te rewa o te kapia, me te whakahaere i te tauhohenga tāpiri hononga takirua me te hanganga polyene hei whakakapi i ngā ngota chlorine hohe me te kore pumau i roto i te ngota. Mā te tauhohenga tāpiri hononga takirua me te hanganga polyene ka nekehia ngā ngota chlorine hohe me te kore pumau i roto i te ngota. Mā tēnei ka whakahaere pai, ka whakahaere pūtaiao hoki i te whakahekenga catalytic me te pirau waikura o te kapia i roto i te āhua rewa.

PP
PPHe rauemi haurua-kiriata te paipa. He pakari ake, ā, he teitei ake te ira rewa i te PE. I te mea he tino pakarukaru te homopolymer PP i runga ake i te 0°C, he maha ngā rauemi PP arumoni he copolymer koretake me te 1-4% ethylene, he nui ake rānei te reiti o te ihirangi ethylene i roto i ngā copolymer pincushion. Ka piki ake te kaha o te PP i te pikinga o te ihirangi ethylene, ā, he pāmahana whakangawari Vicat o te 150°C. Nā te nui o te tioata, he pai te pakari o te mata me te ātete ki te rakuraku, ā, kāore te PP e pāngia e te pakaru o te ahotea taiao. I te nuinga o te wā ka whakarerekētia te PP mā te tāpiri i ngā muka karāhe, ngā tāpiringa whakarewa, te rapa thermoplastic rānei. Ko te tere rere MFR o te PP kei waenga i te 1 ki te 40. He pai ake te ātete pānga o ngā rauemi PP MFR iti engari he iti ake te ngāwari. Mō te MFR kotahi, he kaha ake te momo copolymer i te momo homopolymer. Nā te tioata, he tino teitei te whakahekenga o te PP, ko te tikanga 1.8 ki te 2.5%. Ā, he pai ake te ōrite o te ahunga whakahekenga i ngā rauemi pēnei i te PE-HD. Mā te tāpiri i tētahi tāpiri karāhe 30% ka taea te whakaiti i te whakahekenga ki te 0.7%. He tino ātete ngā momo homopolymer me ngā momo copolymer o te rauemi PP ki te mimiti makuku, te waikura waikawa me te kawakore, me te wairewa. Heoi, kāore e ātete ki ngā whakarewa hauwai kakara (hei tauira, benzene), ngā whakarewa hauwai hauwai kōroina (waro tetrachloride), me ētahi atu. Kāore hoki te PP e ātete tonu ki te waikura i ngā pāmahana teitei, pērā i te PE.
He pūhui tioata te PP, he nui te tere whakaheke (1.0-1.5%) nā te nui o ngā huringa rōrahi me te teitei o te aronga ngota i te wā e whakakōpikopikohia ana te rewa. Nō reira, i te wā e hangaia ana, me whakanui ake te pēhanga werohanga me te tere kutikuti kia pai ake ai te kounga o te hanga o te hua.

PE
Ko te polyethylene te matū matū matū matū matū matū tino māmā te hanganga, ā, koia te rauemi matū matū matū e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te ao i ēnei rā. Ka whakapūpūhia mai i te ethylene, ā, ka wehea ki te polyethylene kiato teitei, te polyethylene kiato waenga me te polyethylene kiato iti i runga i tōna kiato. He ngohengohe te polyethylene kiato iti, he whakapūpūnga pēhanga teitei ake; ko ngā āhuatanga o te polyethylene kiato teitei ko te pakari, te pakeke me te kaha miihini, he whakapūpūnga pēhanga iti ake. Ka taea te whakamahi i te polyethylene kiato teitei mō ngā ipu, ngā paipa, me ngā rauemi whakamahana hiko auau teitei, e whakamahia ana mō te radar me te pouaka whakaata. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te polyethylene kiato iti (pēhanga teitei) i roto i ngā rahinga nui. He rite te ware pi ki te polyethylene, ā, he maeneene rite ki te ware pi. Ina kore e taehia, he mārama te polyethylene kiato iti, ko te polyethylene kiato teitei he mea pōuri, ā, ko te polyethylene he mekameka matū matū tino nui i hangaia mai i ngā waeine -CH2-e honoa ana e te tāpiri me te whakapūpūnga o te ethylene (CH2=CH2). Ko ngā āhuatanga o te polyethylene e whakawhirinaki ana ki te huarahi e whakapūpūhia ai; Ka hangaia te polyethylene kiato teitei (HDPE) mā te whakapūhuitanga Ziegler-Natta i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakakorikori o ngā pūhui waro. Ko ngā ngota polyethylene kua whakapūhuitia i raro i ēnei āhuatanga he rārangi, ā, he roa ngā mekameka ngota me ngā taumaha ngota o ngā rau mano. Mō te whakapūhuitanga rauropi kore utu i raro i te pēhanga teitei (100-300 MPa), te pāmahana teitei (190-210 C) me te whakakorikori peroxide, ko te hua he polyethylene kiato iti (LDPE), he peka.
Kāore te polyethylene e wairewa i roto i te wai, ā, he iti noa te mimiti wai, ahakoa mō ngā whakarewa matū pēnei i te toluene me te waikawa acetic, he iti noa te wairewa i ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 70°C. Heoi, ka taea e te polyethylene i roto i te āhua matūriki te rewa, te totoka rānei i ngā pāmahana mai i te 15°C ki te 40°C. Ina piki te pāmahana, ka rewa, ka mimiti te wera; ina heke te pāmahana, ka totoka, ka tukuna te wera. He rauemi hanga tino pai hoki nā te mea he iti noa te wai e mimiti ana, kāore e ngāwari te makuku, ā, he āhuatanga ārai mate.

PB
I whakawhanakehia, i whakamahia hoki te Polybutylene i ngā tau tōmua o te tekau tau atu i 1970, ā, ko ōna āhuatanga rauemi e tohu ana i ngā whakaritenga hangarau me ngā taputapu teitei mō te hanga i ngā kōtaha, me ngā haumitanga nui ki ngā rawa pumau.

PVDF
He mārama, he mā rānei te āhua o te paura, o ngā matūriki rānei, he piri te whakaritenga o te mekameka ngota ngota, engari he kaha anō hoki te here hauwai, ko te taupū hāora he 46%, kāore e mura, ko te tioata he 65% ~ 78%, ko te mātotoru he 1.17 ~ 1.79g/cm3, ko te ira rewa he 172 ℃, ko te pāmahana whakapēhi wera he 112 ~ 145 ℃, ko te pāmahana whakamahinga roa he -40 ~ 150 ℃.
Ko te kapia PVDF e pā ana ki te homopolymer vinylidene fluoride, te vinylidene fluoride rānei, me te iti o ētahi atu copolymer fluorine vinyl monomer. He kapia PVDF te kapia fluorine me ngā āhuatanga whānui o te kapia fluorine, hei tāpiri atu ki te ātete matū pai, te ātete pāmahana teitei, te ātete waikura, te ātete huarere, te ātete i te hihi, engari he āhuatanga motuhake anō hoki o te piezoelectricity, te dielectricity, te thermoelectricity me ētahi atu āhuatanga motuhake, kei te whakamahia i tēnei wā ko te hanga kirihou kei roto te fluorine. Ko ngā tono PVDF e aro nui ana ki ngā mara paninga matū, hiko me te hiko me te fluorocarbon. Ko tōna pumau matū pai, ngā āhuatanga whakamarumaru hiko, kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga TOCS me te aukati mura mō te hanga taputapu, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga semiconductor mō te rokiroki me te kawe i ngā matū parakore teitei. I ngā tau tata nei, ko te whakamahinga o te kapia PVDF i hangaia hei membrane porous, gel, diaphragm, me ētahi atu. I roto i ngā tono pākahiko tuarua lithium, kua riro te whakamahinga o PVDF hei tetahi o ngā tono mākete tino tere te tipu. Ko te PVDF te paninga waro-hauora tino nui. Ko te PVDF tētahi o ngā rauemi mata tino nui, ā, kua whakawhanakehia ngā paninga waro-hauora i hangaia mai i a ia ki te ono o ngā whakatipuranga. Nā te ātete pai o te kapia PVDF ki te huarere, ka taea te whakamahi i waho mō te wā roa me te kore tiaki, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o tēnei momo paninga i roto i ngā teihana hiko, i ngā taunga rererangi, i ngā huarahi tere, i ngā whare teitei, me ētahi atu. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki te whakaranu i te kapia PVDF me ētahi atu kapia, pērā i te PVDF me te kapia ABS i konatunatua hei hanga rauemi hiato, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te hanganga, te whakapaipai motuka, te anga taputapu kāinga, me ētahi atu.
He momo whakapaipai kirihou te PVC, ko te whakarāpopototanga o te rauemi polyvinyl chloride te PVC, ko te rauemi mata matua o te kapia polyvinyl chloride. Tāpirihia te nui e tika ana o te kaihoko anti-pakeke, te whakarerekētanga, me ētahi atu, mā te whakaranu, te maramataka, te miihini korehau me ētahi atu tukanga hei hanga i te rauemi.

He mama ngā rauemi PVC, he ātete wera, he pupuri wera, he ātete makuku, he ātete mura, ā, he ngāwari ki te hanga. Ngā whakaritenga, ngā tae me ngā tauira.
Ko tētahi o ngā rauemi whakapaipai e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā rauemi kirihou.

Ko ngā painga matua o ngā whakapiri PVC ko ngā mea e whai ake nei:
1. kounga mārama, ārai wera, tiaki wera, ātete makuku, ārai mura, ātete waikawa me te kawakore, ātete waikura.
2. Te pumau, te pai o te aukati hiko, te roa, te ārai i te koroheketanga, te ngāwari ki te hanumi me te here.
3. He kaha te piko me te pakari o te pānga, he roa te roa ina whati.
4. He māmā te tukatuka me te hanga mā te pokepoke, te whakaranu, te tārai pepa, te tapahi, te whakaputa, te whakarewa-mate rānei, ā, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā momo whakatakotoranga kōtaha.
5. He mata maeneene, he tae kanapa, he whakapaipai, he whānui ngā whakamahinga whakapaipai.
6. He māmā noa te tukanga hanga, ā, he watea hoki te tāutanga.

He mea hanga te paipa PE ki te rauemi polyethylene, he pai te paipa PE mō te tāutanga huna, he ngāwari te tawhito o te rauemi tāutanga tuwhera.

He māmā, he kaha, he ātete ki te waikura, kāore e pirau, he roa te ora mahi, me ētahi atu painga o ngā paipa PP-R, hei tāpiri atu ki ēnei āhuatanga matua:
(1) Ko ngā rauemi hanga kore-paitini, akuaku, matomato, ko ngā rauemi mata PP-R he polyolefin, ko ōna ngota he mea tito mai i te waro, ngā huānga hauwai, kore-paitini, he pai te mahi hauora;
(2) ngā hua ātete wera, tiaki wera, penapena pūngao, ko te pāmahana whakangawari o ngā paipa PP-R Vicat he 131.3 ℃, ko te pāmahana whakamahinga teitei rawa he 95 ℃, ko te pāmahana whakamahinga roa (50 tau) tae atu ki te 70 ℃. Ko te kawe wera o te hua he 0.24W/m℃, he 1/200 noa iho tēnei o te kawe wera o ngā paipa maitai, nō reira he pai rawa te pānga penapena pūngao mō te whakamahana o ngā paipa wai wera;
(3) He māmā te tāuta, he pono, mā te whakamahi i te hononga honohono wera, he torutoru hēkona hei whakaoti i te hononga, ā, mā te whakamahi i ngā hononga whakauru whakarewa kounga teitei hei hono i ngā paipa whakarewa me ngā taputapu wai, he haumaru, he pono hoki.

Ngā wāhi tono mō ngā paipa wai wera me te wai matao PP-R
Ngā pūnaha wai wera me te wai matao i roto i ngā whare, tae atu ki ngā pūnaha whakamahana pokapū;
Ngā pūnaha whakamahana i roto i ngā whare, tae atu ki ngā pūnaha whakamahana papa, papa pakitara me ngā pūnaha whakamahana hihi;
Ngā pūnaha mō te tuku wai parakore ka taea te whakamahi tika mō te inu;
Ngā pūnaha hauhautanga pokapū (pokapū);
Ngā pūnaha whakamakuku ahuwhenua, māra;
Ngā whatunga wai ua;
Ngā whatunga puna kaukau;
Ngā whatunga paipa mō ngā tāutanga pūngao rā;

Ko te PPR e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā diameter paipa iti, ā, e wātea ana te PPR mō ngā tāutanga tuwhera me ngā tāutanga huna.
He rauemi pūmua polybutylene te paipa PB, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga i ngā whenua whakawhanake pērā i a Ūropi me Amerika, ā, kua whakakapia te parahi hei rauemi pai mō ngā paipa wai wera.

Ko te rauemi mata matua o te paipa PEX ko te HDPE, me te whakauru, te kaihoko honohono, te whakakorikori me etahi atu taapiri, penei i nga whakaritenga motuhake ka taea hoki te taapiri i etahi atu whakarerekētanga.
Ka hangaia ngā paipa PEX mā te whakamahi i te hangarau kotahi-taahiraa tino matatau o te ao (tikanga MONSOIL), mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi mata polyethylene noa hei tāpiri i ngā rauemi honohono silane, ka hanga hononga matū covalent i waenga i ngā mekameka macromolecular polymer hei whakakapi i ngā kaha van der Waals taketake, ka hanga he hanganga whatunga whakawhiti-ahu-toru o te polyethylene whakawhiti-hononga, ko te tohu o te whakawhiti-hononga tae atu ki te 60% ~ 89%, kia pai ai ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū.

He terpolymer te ABS i ahu mai i te styrene-butadiene-acrylonitrile, he pakari te pānga, he kaha miihini pai hoki, he ātete wera, he ātete hinu, me ētahi atu.
Ko ngā paipa PVC hei whakatakotoranga waea hiko i te kāinga, ā, ko te tikanga kia rite ki te paipa PVC mō te ahi, kei te whakatakotoranga anō hoki ētahi o ngā paipa PVC hei whakatakotoranga anō i te paru, ā, ko te PPR e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te mea e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakahoutanga o ngā paipa wai, he pai ake te PPR mō te wai.
Ko te tino rerekētanga, he rerekē ngā rauemi mata, ko te ppr he polypropylene copolymer matapōkere, ko te pvc he polyvinyl chloride. Ka taea te whakamahi i te pvc mō te waikeri, ko te ppr te nuinga mō te wai (ka whakamahia nā te mea he nui rawa te utu waikeri). Inaa, kāore te pvc i te tino paitini pērā i ngā ngongo werohanga hauora, ā, he maha ngā takai kirihou he pvc, ka whakamahia mō te hanga whare he mea tāpiri noa iho ngā whakarerekētanga, ā, ka taea te ppr te rewa wera. Kāore e taea e te pvc.
Ka hangaia te PPR mai i te rauemi polypropylene copolymer, ka hangaia te PVC mai i te rauemi polyvinyl chloride, he nui ngā utu whakaputa o mua, he pai ake te kounga hauora i te PVC, ā, ka taea te heke ki raro i te 75 ℃ wai wera, ko te ngoikoretanga he māmā ake te hurihanga. Nā te iti o ngā utu whakaputa o te PVC, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te whakamakuku ahuwhenua, ko te ngoikoretanga ko te haere noa ki te wai matao.

PE paipa
Te ātete pāmahana
He tino iti te pāmahana pakarukaru o ngā paipa PE, ka taea te whakamahi i waenga i te -40 ℃ ki te 60 ℃, ā, kāore e puta he pakarukaru i roto i te paipa i te takurua.
ātete te waikura
He rauemi mangere te Polyethylene, ātete ki ngā momo matū e memeha ana, kāore e ārai i te waikura, kāore he matū i roto i te oneone e whakararu i te paipa, ā, kāore e pirau, e waikura, e pirau rānei.
täwariwari
Ina neke atu i te 800% te roa o te paipa wai PE i te wā e whati ana, kāore e puta te wiri ā-rohe i te wiri katoa o te paipa, he kaha te ātete ki te wiri. Mā te āhua takai o te polyethylene ka taea te takai i ngā paipa wai PE, ka whakaitihia te hiahia mō te maha o ngā hononga honohono, ā, ka taea e te hanganga te karo i ngā arai, ka whakaitihia te uauatanga o te hanganga.
Te paheketanga pukutanga
Nā te kaha o te HDPE ki te hanga i te tioata, ka piki ake te kaha me te pakeke. Mēnā ka piri pai, ka taea te tu atu i te pēhanga o roto, ā, he mea noa te whakamahi mō te tuku wai me ngā paipa pēhanga tahu.
akuaku
He akuaku, he kore-paitini, kāore te paipa e whakaputa huakita, e kore e puta he parahanga tuarua o te kounga wai, ka whakaoti katoa i ngā hapa o te parahanga wai o ngā paipa.
Te kaha tohanga
He maeneene te pakitara o roto o ngā paipa wai PE, he iti te tauwehenga o te waku, he iti te ātete wai, he iti te ngaronga o te upoko, kāore he tauine, ka whakaiti i te ngaronga pēhanga o te paipa me te whakapaunga hiko tuku wai, ā, he mārama ngā painga ōhanga.
Haumaru paipa
Ka honoa ngā paipa wai PE mā te hononga wera me te hononga hiko, he nui ake te kaha o te atanga i te kaha o te paipa tonu, ā, ka taea e ia te ātete i ngā kaha porowhita me te kaha tuaka e puta mai ana i te pēhanga o roto. He tino pai te mahi hiri, kāore he take e manukanuka ai ki te turuturu nā te whakapōturi o te atanga.