Te Tukanga Hanga Pepa Mārama PET me ngā Kaupapa Matua

He maha ngā momo pepa kirihou, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana. I tēnei wā, ko ngā momo matua ko te polyvinyl chloride, te polystyrene me polyester (PET)I roto i ēnei, he pai te mahi a ngā pepa PET, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga o te taupū akuaku ā-motu mō ngā hua whakarewa me ngā whakaritenga tiaki taiao o te ao, ā, he pepa hoa taiao.

Ngā rauemi mata o ngā pepa PET

Pērā i ētahi atu kirihou, he tata te hononga o te mahi a ngā pepa PET ki te taumaha ngota, ā, ko te matotoru o roto te mea e whakatau ana i te taumaha ngota. Ko te nui ake o te matotoru o roto, ko te pai ake o ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū, engari ko te ngoikore o te rere, ka uaua ai te hanga. Ko te iti iho o te matotoru o roto, ko te ngoikore o ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū, ā, ko te ngoikore o te kaha pānga. Nō reira, me whiriwhiri te matotoru o roto o ngā pepa mārama PET mai i te 0.8dl/g ki te 0.9dl/g.

Te tukanga whakaputa PET

Ko ngā taputapu whakaputa matua mō ngā pepa mārama PET ko: te pourewa whakatioata, te pourewa whakamaroke, te taputapu whakaputa, te pane mate, te maramataka hurihuri-toru, me te mīhini hurihuri.

Ko te tukanga whakaputa ko: te whakatioata rauemi mata → te whakamaroke → te whakakirihou kirihou → te whakakoi whakarewa → te whakarite maramataka me te hanga → te takai i ngā hua.

Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te whakatioatatanga

Ka whakamahanahia ngā poro PET, ka whakatiotia ki roto i tētahi pourewa whakatiotanga hei whakarārangi i ngā ngota, kātahi ka whakanuia te pāmahana whakawhiti karāhe o ngā poro hei ārai i te piri i te wā whakamaroke me te aukati i te hopper.

Ko te whakatioata he taahiraa tino nui, e 30 meneti ki te 90 meneti te roa, ā, ko te pāmahana he iti iho i te 149°C.

Hipanga 2: whakamaroke

I raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei, ka taea e te wai te whakamomona me te pirau o te PET, ka heke te piri o te PET. Ka heke ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana, inā koa te kaha o te pānga, i te hekenga o te taumaha ngota. Nō reira, me whakamaroke te PET i mua i te whakarewatanga rewa hei whakaiti i te nui o te makuku, ā, me iti iho i te 0.005% te nui o te makuku.

Ka whakamahia te whakamaroke whakamaroke hei whakamaroke. Nā te mea he waikore te rauemi PET, ka uru te wai ki roto i te mata o te poro hei hanga hononga ngota, ā, ka noho tetahi atu wāhanga o te wai ki roto rawa i te poro, ka uaua ai te whakamaroke. Nō reira, kāore e taea te whakamahi i te hau wera noa.

Me noho te pāmahana hau wera ki raro iho i te -40°C, ā, ka tukuna te hau wera ki roto i te oko whakamaroke mā roto i tētahi porowhita kati hei whakamaroke tonu.

Ko te taahiraa tuatoru ko te whakapūtanga o te extrusion

I muri i te whakatioatatanga me te whakamaroke, ka hurihia te PET hei pūmua me te ira rewa motuhake. He teitei te pāmahana whakahāngai o te pūmua, ā, he whaiti te awhe whakahaere pāmahana.

Ka whakamahia he tīwiri ārai i hangaia mō te polyester hei wehe i ngā pirepire kāore anō kia rewa me te mea rewa, he mea pai hei pupuri i te tukanga kutikuti roa ake me te whakanui ake i te putanga o te extruder.

Ka whakamahia he pane ngutu mate ngāwari me te tokotoko ārai rere whakangāwari. He kōne koi te pane mate, ā, me pai te āhua o te mata o te awa rere whakangāwari me te ngutu mate kore-rakuraku. He mahi mimiti me te horoi te whakamahana o te pane mate. Me whakarite te āputa ngutu mate o te pane mate kia pai te ōritetanga. Ka pā tika te āputa ngutu mate ōrite o te pane mate ki te rerekētanga matotoru whakawhiti me te papatahi o te rau.

Ina whakapūtātia hei pepa, ko ngā pāmahana e rite ana o te taha mua o te tinana, te taha waenganui o te tinana, te taha muri o te tinana, te whakawhiti mata, me te mata mati ko 240°C-260°C, 265°C-275°C, 260°C-265°C, 260°C-265°C, me te 255°C-265°C.

Hipanga 4: Whakamatao, ā, whakatakotoria

I muri i te putanga mai o te rewa i te mata, ka tomo tika atu ki te maramataka porowhita-toru hei whakarite me te whakamatao. Ko te tawhiti i waenga i te maramataka porowhita-toru me te mata ka noho tonu ki te 8 cm. Ki te roa rawa te tawhiti, ka ngawari te piko me te miro o te pepa, ka hua ake he ahua kino o te pepa. Hei tāpiri, nā te tawhiti roa, ka puhoi rawa te marara me te whakamatao o te wera, ka hua ake he tioata me te mā, kāore e pai mō te whakarite.

E toru ngā roera o te maramataka porowhita-toru: o runga, o waenga me o raro. He pūmau te tuaka o te roera waenga. I te wā e whakamatao ana, e whakatārewatia ana, ko te pāmahana o te mata o te roera he 40°C-50°C, ā, ka taea te neke ake, te heke iho hoki o te tuaka o ngā roera o runga me o raro. Ka whakatikatikaina te āputa roera mā te neke ake, te heke iho hoki o te tuaka. Ko te pāmahana o ngā roera o runga me o raro he 30°C-60°C me te 52°C-68°C. Me whakarite e ngā roera e toru te tere e ōrite ana, ā, me nui ake te tere i te tere whakaputa. Ko te kaupapa he whakakore i te whānui o te rauemi ina wehe atu i te mata, me te whakaiti i te ahotea o roto o te pepa, kia ngaro ai ngā kita.

Ka whakatio te PET i waenga i te 100°C-250°C, ā, ko te tere whakatio tere rawa ko te 140°C-180°C, nō reira ka taea te whakaoti i te whakatio i roto i ētahi hēkona noa iho. Me tere te haere a PET i roto i tēnei rohe pāmahana whakatio, ā, me tino whakahaere te pāmahana o ngā roera e toru.

Ko te taahiraa tuarima ko te kukume me te takai

Ka haere te rau mā te roera maramataka, ka tomo ki te taputapu kukume mā te roera ārahi. Kei roto i te taputapu kukume he roera rapa hohe me he roera rapa kore mahi. Ka pēhi pūmau te pēhanga hau i ngā roera e rua kia kore ai te rau e papatahi i te roera maramataka ina haere te rau mā ngā roera e rua, ā, ka tōia ki te taputapu takai.

Te tukanga whakaputa pepa PET

(1) Ko ngā āhuatanga matua mō te hanga pepa mārama PET ko te wā maroke me te whakahaere i te pūwāhi hau wera. Ko te pānga maroke te mea e whakatau tika ana i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha me te hanga o te pepa.
I te wā e whakamaroke ana, me aro nui ki te whakahaere i te pāmahana me te wā whakamaroke. Kaua te pāmahana me te wā whakamaroke e tino tiketike, e tino iti rānei. Ki te kore e taea te whakaiti i te tohu tomairangi, me tirotiro te āhua o te tātari ngota. Kāore e taea e te tātari ngota tawhito te mimiti i te makuku i te hau, ā, kāore e taea te whakatutuki i te kaupapa o te whakamaroke me te tapatapahi. I tēnei wā, me whakakapi te tātari ngota.

(2) Mena ka neke atu te pāmahana o te rewa i te 280°C, ka Pepa PET ka huri te tae, ka pirau rānei. Nō reira, me whakahaere te pāmahana rewa i raro i te 280°C.

(3) Ko te āputa i waenganui i te ngutu o te pane o te pane e whakatau ana i te papatahi me te matotoru o te pepa. He mea nui te pāmahana o ngā roera e toru ki te mārama me te mutunga o te mata o te pepa. Me tere te karo o te PET rewa i te rohe pāmahana tere tioata, ā, me heke tonu mai i te pāmahana rewa ki raro iho i te pāmahana tioata. Nō reira, he mea tino nui te tawhiti i waenganui i te pane o te pane me te roera maramataka.