Mīhini whakaputa: te tuku mārama, ngā āhuatanga me ngā tono o ngā pūmua mārama

Mai i ngā pounamu miraka, ki ngā karāhe whatu, ki ngā pouaka whakaata, ki ngā waea pūkoro rānei …… kāore e mutu te rārangi tono mō ngā kirihou mārama. I ēnei rā, he maha ngā momo rauemi kirihou mārama, kua whakarerekētia rānei e tātou, e ātaahua ake ai, e kawe ake ai hoki ngā hua i te karāhe tuku iho.
Ināianei, he maha ngā kaihanga e whakamahi ana i te kounga me te ōritetanga o te tae o ngā rauemi kirihou mārama mō ngā momo mahi maha:
1. hanga hua māmā, pakari, ā, kore e pakaru;
2. Te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa;
3. te whakaputa i ngā āhuahanga matatini me ngā wāhanga āhua ahurei;
4. Ka tutuki te whakawhiti kitea me/ranei te taupū whakaata whatu e rite ana ki te karāhe
A pera i runga i ...

Ko ētahi o ngā wāhi tono rongonui e whai hua ana mai i ngā painga o runga ake nei ko:

1. Tākai (kai, whakapaipai ……)
2. Ngā hua kaihoko (ngā kēne kai, ngā hua rokiroki raraunga, ngā karu arotahi ……)
3. Karāhe hanga whare (ngā whare ika, ngā whare haumaru ……)
4. Ngā wāhanga motuka me ngā wāhanga hiko (LED, ngā taupoki rama mua ……)
5. Ratonga Hauora (ngā pūwero ……)
6. Kiriata ahuwhenua
Heoi, he mea tika kia mōhiotia, ahakoa te whānuitanga o ngā tono, he iti noa iho ngā pūmua e tutuki ana i ēnei whakaritenga rauemi uaua.
Kia tirohia tēnei momo kirihou "kanapa", kia arotakehia hoki ngā āhuatanga me ngā whakamahinga rongonui o ētahi polymer mārama (PC, PMMA, PET, SMMA, COC, me ētahi atu)!
Nā te iti o te wāhi, kāore e whakahuatia anōtia te PS/SBC/ASA/MBS/PCTA+PCTG/PMP (polymethylpentene) me ētahi atu pūmua mārama hou i roto i tēnei tuhinga.

Polycarbonate (PC)
Polycarbonate (PC)He pūhui kirihou wera pakari, kore-āhua, mārama hoki te mahi, he huinga ahurei o te kaha pānga teitei, te pumau āhua, me ngā āhuatanga miihini pai. Neke atu i te 90% o te māramatanga ka tukuna e ia, ka ārai hoki i te hihi UV, ā, ka whakarato i te tiaki 100% mai i ngā hihi UV kino o te rā.

Mīhini whakaputa pepa/paipa polycarbonatee whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi o ia rā:
Ngā hua hiko me ngā hua hikohiko (ngā rama LED, ngā hononga, ngā waea pūkoro ……)
Ngā motuka (ngā rama o mua, ngā kakau tatau, ngā whakakā o te pūwero me ngā karaihe o roto)
Ahuwhenua (ngā rauemi uhi whare kati kōtuhi)
Ngā hua kaihoko (ngā mōhiti, ngā taputapu, ngā mea e pā ana ki te kai ……)
Hauora (ngā taputapu pokanga, ngā taputapu ……)
E 200 ngā wā kaha ake o ngā pepa mārama i hangaia mai i te PC i te matotoru ōrite o te karāhe i roto i ngā whakamātautau pānga, ā, he ngāwari hoki te tapahi.
Nairona mārama (PA TR)
Mā te whakarerekē i te momo diamine, diacid, waikawa amino rānei, ka taea te whiwhi i ngā momo nairona me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā āhuatanga matū rerekē, tae atu ki te nairona whānui, te nairona mekameka waro roa, te nairona ātete pāmahana teitei, te nairona mārama me te nairona elastomer. Ko te nairona mārama he nairona thermoplastic amorphous, microcrystalline rānei, he whakawhiti mārama tae atu ki te 90%, tata ki te PMMA.
Nā te mea he pai ake te ātete o te nairona mārama ki te hinu, te waikura, te karawarawa me te rakuraku i ērā atu kirihou mārama, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā mahi motuka, hiko me te hikohiko, mīhini, whatu, hākinakina me ētahi atu mara.
PMMA kiriaku
He rauemi kirihou mārō, mārama hoki te PMMA, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakakapi mō te karāhe "ātete ki te pakaru". He maha ngā painga hangarau o tēnei pūmua i runga i ētahi atu kirihou mārama (PC, PS), pēnei i:

Te ātete teitei ki te UV me te huarere.
Me te kaha tuku mārama me ngā āhuatanga whatu tae tae atu ki te 92%, kāore he mutunga o ngā kōwhiringa tae.
Nā ēnei painga ka pai te PMMA sheet Extruder mō te hoahoanga me te hanga whare hei hanga whare kati kōtuhi, pokapū moana; matapihi motuka, atarangi rama, rama, whakaaturanga taputapu hiko, taonga hoahoa, me ētahi atu.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
He pūmua kirihou mārama te PET, he maha ngā whakamahinga, e tohuhia ana e tōna huinga pai o ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha, ā-wera, ā-matū me te pumau ā-ahu. Tērā pea ka puta te PET he mā, he mā, he mārama hoki, i runga i tōna hanganga tioata me te kore-āhua.
Nā te mea e hiahiatia ana te PET (he mārama, he māmā, he kaha, he pakari, he ātete matū teitei, he āhuatanga ārai me te utu iti) koinei te rauemi whiriwhiri mō:
Pounamu wai
Ngā ipu inu warowaihā
Hona
Kiriata kiriata

He pai ake te PET i te polycarbonate (PC) nā te mea he iti ake te utu, he ataahua ake, ā, he pai ake te whakahaere.
Ko te kopareihe kore-āhua (PETG)
He maha ngā whakamahinga o ngā ko-polyester kore-ahua pērā i te PETG, ā, ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā momo mahi maha. Ka whakakotahi ngā ko-polyester kore-ahua i te māramatanga me te pakari me te ātete wera me te matū tino pai.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te PETG hei whakakapinga tika mō te PC, PMMA me te PC/polyester me ngā whakarerekētanga iti, kāore rānei he whakarerekētanga.

Te waikawa polyvinyl (pvc)
He kirihou wera kore-āhua te PVC, he tino mārama. Ka whakakotahi ngā rau PVC mārama i ngā āhuatanga miihini me te kaha pānga pai rawa atu me te mārama-wai me te ātete matū me te ātete ahi tino pai.
Waihoki, he mea hanga motuhake ngā paipa PVC mārama hei ārai i ngā hihi UV kino. E taunakihia whānuitia ana ēnei paipa mō ngā mahi o waho e pāngia ana e te rā, ā, e hiahia ana kia mārama.

Ko ngā āhuatanga whatu o ngā hua PVC mārama kei roto i te whānuitanga o te tuku māramatanga nui ki ngā mata mārama me te ārai-kanapa ki te kaha pānga nui, e pai ai mō ngā tono o waho. Ko ngā tono matua mō ngā rau PVC mārama, ngā paipa me ngā kiriata mārama ko:
Hoahoanga – mārama, karāhe haumaru, whare kati kōtuhi ……
Mōkihi – mōkihi mirumiru, mōkihi kiriata piri, mōkihi mārama ……
Hauora – ngā putea, ngā ngongo, ngā pūwero, ngā hononga, ngā takirere ……
Rubber Silicone Wai (LSR)
He matū elastomer thermosetting mārama, he iti te matotoru te rapa silicone wai, ā, e whai ake nei:
He māramatanga whatu tino pai (94% te whakawhiti)
Te pakari (te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei tae atu ki te 150°C)
He pai te whakahaere
Hoahoa Freedom

He rauemi mama tēnei kua whakakapi angitu i te karāhe me ētahi atu kirihou wera i roto i ngā momo mahi maha pēnei i te rama LED kaha teitei, te hikohiko, te rama motuka, ngā hua kaihoko, te hauora, me ētahi atu, ko ngā whakaritenga matua ko te mārama teitei, te ātete ki te wera/UV me te pakari mō te wā roa.
Porotaka Olefin Copolymer (COC)
Ko te Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (COC) he thermoplastic mārama, kore-āhua, i hangaia mā te mekameka copolymerization o ngā monomers cyclic me te ethane. He momo polymers hou tēnei ki te whakataurite ki ngā taonga pēnei i te polypropylene me te polyethylene, ā, e mōhiotia ana mō tōna māramatanga whatu pai, ōna āhuatanga miihini pai, me tōna ātete ki te makuku.

Nā ngā āhuatanga whatu pai rawa atu o te COC, he mea tino pai mō ngā kiriata takai kai, ngā kōpae raraunga whatu, ngā karāhe tino tika, ngā kiriata whatu, me ētahi atu. Hei tāpiri, he ātete ngā copolymer olefin hurihuri ki te makuku, ki ngā whakarewa, me te whakahoromata, ā, he mea whai hua i roto i ngā tono hauora me te pūtaiao koiora pērā i te takai mirumiru, ngā paepae hauora, me ētahi atu.
Polyethylene (PE)
He kirihou tino pakari te polyethylene e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mākete maha (tākai, motuka, hiko, me ētahi atu) hei hanga kiriata, ngongo, wāhanga kirihou, paparanga, me ētahi atu. Koinei te kirihou e tino hangaia ana i te ao, ā, e whakamahia ana e koe i ia rā, i ia rā.

Raina whakaputa kirihou LDPE: He ngāwari, he pakari, he mārama hoki te LDPE, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā putea kirihou, ngā kiriata mārama, ngā taputapu taiwhanga me ētahi atu mara.

Polypropylene mārama (PP)
He kapia tino pai te polypropylene, he pai ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana, he pai te utu, ā, he ngāwari hoki te hangarua, engari nā tōna āhua tioata, he uaua ki te whiwhi pepa PP mārama. Heoi, i ēnei rā, nā ngā tāpiringa whakamārama hou tino whai hua (e mōhiotia ana ko ngā whakamārama), kua nui ngā whanaketanga kua puta i roto i te polypropylene mārama (PP) nā te mea he ngāwari te hoahoa o ēnei polymer, he māmā ake te tukatuka, he pai ake te tae/ngā āhuatanga whakapaipai, ā, he penapena utu mā te taumaha māmā.

Hei tāpiritanga, mā te whakakotahitanga o te tinei tere me te maimoatanga wera tika ka taea te whakapai ake i te māramatanga o ngā pepa polypropylene kua whakaputaia. Ko ētahi atu painga e hanga ana i te PP mārama hei huarahi pai ki ngā rauemi mārama utu nui ake pērā i te karāhe me ngā kirihou mārama (PS, PC, PETG) ko:
He pai te taurite pakari/pānga;
He pai te ārai makuku/makuku
Ethylene Propylene (FEP)
Ko te ethylene propylene fluorinated (FEP) he copolymer matū o te hexafluoropropylene me te tetrafluoroethylene. He nui te ōrau o te mārama ultraviolet me te mārama e kitea ana e tukuna ana e tēnei polymer. Ko te FEP i roto i te āhua kiriata he tata ki te 96%. He nui ake te hihi ultraviolet, te hihi e kitea ana me te hihi infrared e tukuna ana e te kiriata FEP i te karāhe noa.
Styrene methyl methacrylate (SMMA)
Ko te SMMA, ko te styrene methyl methacrylate rānei (SMMA) he copolymer styrene-acrylic acid tino mārama, he mata kanapa pai rawa atu. Ka whakakotahi i ngā painga tukatuka pai rawa atu me te utu ataahua o ngā polymer styrene me te kanapa me te māramatanga teitei. Ko ētahi atu painga o te SMMA ko:
Te pumau wera tino pai;
He pai ake te ātete ki te waipiro i te kiriaku;
He pai ake ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha i te GPPS;
Ātete ki te rakuraku;
Amuamu a te FDA.

Ki te whakatauritea ki te PMMA, PC me te PET, he iti ake te utu o te SMMA, ā, he rite tonu te kounga o te mata.
He pai te SMMA mō ngā tono e hiahia ana ki ngā āhuatanga kaha, pakari, mārama hoki, pērā i ngā hua o te whare, ngā mōhiti, ngā oko karāhe, ngā takai whakapaipai, ngā taputapu hauora, ngā hua akuaku whaiaro, me ētahi atu.
Polystyrene (Whānuitanga Whānui – GPPS)
Ko te polystyrene whānui (GPPS), e mōhiotia ana ko te polystyrene mārama, he pūmua mārama me ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
Te pakari teitei;
He pai te pumau o ngā āhuatanga;
He iti te taumaha motuhake, ā, he tino ātete ki te wera
He pai nga ahuatanga whakamaarama hiko

Nā tōna āhua kore-āhua, he pai ake i ētahi atu pūmua i runga i te mārama, te iti o te utu, me te ngāwari o te tukatuka. Ko ētahi o ngā whakamahinga mō te GPPS ko ngā taonga takaro, ngā pouaka CD, ngā whakairi koti, ngā pouaka huawhenua mō te pouaka whakamātao, ngā papa kaukau, ngā taputapu hangarau mōhiohio, ngā pouaka whakapaipai mārama, ngā whata me ngā pouaka pouaka whakamātao, me ngā kapu kirihou. Ka whakamahia hoki i roto i te hanga hua hauora whakakorekore pērā i ngā ngongo whakamātautau, ngā whare kete whakamātautau, ngā hua tātaritanga, ngā rihi petri, me ētahi atu.
MABS (ABS mārama)
He kirihou wera ātete-pānga te ABS, he mea tito mai i ngā monomer e toru: te acrylonitrile, te butadiene, me te styrene. Ka whakarato te styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers i te pakari, ko te butadiene ia ka whakarato i te ātete pānga.
Ka tāpirihia e te kaihanga te monomer methyl methacrylate ki te wāhanga SAN hei whakaputa i tētahi kapia ABS tino mārama e kiia nei ko te MABS (methyl methacrylate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). Kei te MABS ngā āhuatanga pēnei i:

Te whakawhiti mārama teitei;
He iti te kohu;
Tae pumau, ōrite hoki;
Ngā āhuatanga rere kua whakapaitia.
He pai ake te ātete pānga o te ABS mārama i te polystyrene, te SAN me te PMMA, ā, he pai hoki te tukatuka. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā momo MABS me ngā āhuatanga rere pai ake hei whakakapi i te polycarbonate (PC). Ka whakamahia te ABS mārama i roto i ngā taputapu kaihoko, ngā tono hauora, ngā taonga hākinakina, ngā taputapu hauora, me ētahi atu.